Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects the peripheral nerves. It is characterized by chronic, progressive weakness and sensory loss in the limbs, as well as impaired reflexes. CIDP is caused by inflammation of the myelin sheath that surrounds and protects the nerves, leading to damage and disruption of nerve signals.
CIDP typically develops slowly over several months and can affect both children and adults. Early symptoms may include difficulty walking or climbing stairs, weakness in the hands or feet, and tingling or numbness in the limbs. As the disease progresses, patients may experience muscle atrophy, loss of reflexes, and difficulty with fine motor skills.
Treatment can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Medications such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) can be effective in reducing inflammation and improving nerve function. Physical therapy can also be helpful in maintaining muscle strength and preventing complications such as contractures or respiratory failure. With appropriate treatment, many patients with CIDP are able to manage their symptoms and maintain a good quality of life.